As the impacts of climate change continue to grow, protecting the rights and well-being of children is not just a moral obligation but a strategic imperative for Pakistan’s development
By Amir Murtaza
Climate change is no longer a distant threat but an unfolding crisis with far-reaching implications. It has become one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century, affecting every aspect of human life and exacerbating existing vulnerabilities in developing countries like Pakistan. The intensification of global warming, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, has led to an increase in extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and shifting climatic patterns. These changes disproportionately affect countries with limited resources to adapt, and Pakistan stands out as one of the most climate-vulnerable nations in the world. Recent efforts, such as Pakistan’s collaboration with UNICEF at COP29, provide a glimmer of hope for integrating child rights into climate policies to address these challenges.
Pakistan is ranked among the top ten countries most affected by climate change despite contributing less than 1% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Its geographic location and socioeconomic conditions make it particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change. The country is home to diverse ecosystems, including mountains, rivers, deserts, and coastal regions, all of which are increasingly under threat. The melting of glaciers in the Himalayas, erratic monsoon patterns, and rising temperatures are leading to more frequent and severe floods, droughts, and heatwaves. These climate-induced disasters not only damage infrastructure and livelihoods but also disrupt the lives of millions, particularly the most vulnerable segments of society—children, women, and the poor.
Pakistan is ranked among the top ten countries most affected by climate change despite contributing less than 1% to global greenhouse gas emissions
Pakistan’s dependence on precipitation-linked agriculture adds to its vulnerability. Agriculture is not only a key sector of the economy but also a primary source of livelihood for a significant portion of the population. Climate change has disrupted traditional farming cycles, leading to reduced crop yields, food insecurity, and economic instability. Additionally, urban centers are grappling with the impacts of rising temperatures and urban flooding, while rural communities face desertification and water scarcity. These challenges are compounded by weak governance, inadequate infrastructure, and limited resources for disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation.
All parts of the country, including Islamabad, once renowned for its beautiful weather, are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change, with many regions, especially in Punjab and KP, now facing smog and poor air quality. Floods, such as those seen in 2010 and 2022, have displaced millions of people, caused significant loss of life, and inflicted billions of dollars in economic damages. Similarly, the prolonged heatwaves experienced in cities like Karachi have resulted in numerous deaths, highlighting the need for immediate and sustained action. Children, in particular, face heightened risks as they are more susceptible to malnutrition, disease, and disruptions in their education due to climate-induced disasters.
The climate-induced disasters not only damage infrastructure and livelihoods but also disrupt the lives of millions, particularly the most vulnerable segments of society—children, women, and the poor.
Given the scale and severity of climate impacts in Pakistan, child-centric climate resilience is not just desirable but essential. A significant proportion of Pakistan’s population—nearly 46%—is under the age of 18. These children are not only more vulnerable to climate-related risks but are also critical to the country’s future. Without targeted interventions, the impacts of climate change on children’s health, education, and overall development will have long-term consequences for Pakistan’s social and economic progress.
Recent efforts, such as the partnership between Pakistan and UNICEF announced at COP29, provide a glimmer of hope. By endorsing the Declaration on Children, Youth, and Climate Action, Pakistan has committed to integrating child rights into its climate policies. This includes building resilient infrastructure to protect schools and communities, enhancing access to health and education services in climate-hit areas, and empowering children to become agents of change in climate action.
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Pakistan must adopt a comprehensive and inclusive approach to climate resilience. This involves not only improving disaster preparedness and response mechanisms but also addressing the root causes of vulnerability. Investing in education, healthcare, and community development is critical for building resilience at the grassroots level. Furthermore, incorporating climate awareness into school curriculums, as proposed by Sindh Chief Minister Murad Ali Shah, can equip future generations with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate a changing world.
A significant proportion of Pakistan’s population—nearly 46%—is under the age of 18. These children are not only more vulnerable to climate-related risks but are also critical to the country’s future
An ecosystem approach to climate resilience is essential for understanding and addressing the unique challenges faced by children. Such an approach considers the interplay of environmental, social, and economic factors and emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions. By prioritizing children’s needs and ensuring their participation in decision-making processes, Pakistan can create a more equitable and resilient society.
While government initiatives and international partnerships are crucial, the fight against climate change requires collective action. Communities, civil society organizations, and individuals must work together to amplify children’s voices and advocate for their rights. By fostering a culture of awareness and responsibility, Pakistan can pave the way for a brighter future where every child has the opportunity to thrive in a safe and sustainable environment.
As the impacts of climate change continue to grow, protecting the rights and well-being of children is not just a moral obligation but a strategic imperative for Pakistan’s development. The time to act is now, and by embracing child-centric climate resilience, Pakistan can lead the way in creating a model for sustainable and inclusive development.
Read: Save the Earth for Children – A Bouquet of Poems on Climate Change
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The writer is a Development Consultant and Researcher and can be reached at amirmurtaza1@hotmail.com.
